Hawaiian Monk Seal Facts on Big Island

Meet the Hawaiian Monk Seal

The Hawaiian monk seal (Neomonachus schauinslandi) is one of the rarest marine mammals in the world and among only two monk seal species left on Earth. Native exclusively to the Hawaiian Islands, this endangered marine mammal is a true island treasure. While sightings are relatively rare, the Big Island (also known as Hawaiʻi Island) is one of the places where lucky visitors may spot one of these magnificent creatures sunbathing on a remote beach or swimming in shallow waters.

Status and Conservation

With an estimated population of around 1,500 individuals, Hawaiian monk seals are listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act. Most of the population resides in the remote Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, but a growing number have been seen around the Main Hawaiian Islands, including the Big Island. This shift is encouraging for conservationists and offers visitors the rare chance to witness one of Hawaii’s native mammals.

Efforts to protect Hawaiian monk seals include habitat preservation, public education, and response teams that aid sick or injured seals. The Marine Mammal Protection Act also makes it illegal to harass or get too close to these animals. It is recommended to keep a distance of at least 50 feet (150 feet if the seal has a pup) and to notify local authorities if you see a seal that appears injured or in distress.

Where to Spot Monk Seals on the Big Island

While they’re more commonly seen in the northwestern parts of the Hawaiian Islands, monk seals have been increasingly reported on the Big Island’s beaches and nearshore waters. Locations like Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park near Kailua-Kona and secluded beaches along the Kohala Coast are possible spots for sightings, especially early in the morning or in the late afternoon.

Island locals and marine biologists encourage anyone who sees a monk seal on a beach to keep their distance, take photos using zoom, and report the sighting to the NOAA Hawaiian Monk Seal Response Program. This helps with their efforts to track and protect these endangered animals.

Fun Facts for the Whole Family

  • Hawaiian monk seals can dive over 1,800 feet deep and hold their breath for up to 20 minutes.
  • They get their name from their solitary habits and the folds of skin around their neck that resemble a monk’s cowl.
  • Newborn pups are entirely black and weigh about 30 pounds; adults can weigh up to 600 pounds.
  • They mainly eat octopus, fish, crustaceans, and eels, using their sensitive whiskers to hunt in dark waters.
  • These seals haul out on beaches to rest, molt, and give birth — another reason it’s vital to protect their resting areas.

How You Can Help

If you’re planning a family trip to the Big Island, here are a few easy things you can do to help Hawaiian monk seals and other marine life thrive:

  • Use reef-safe sunscreen, like the all-natural, mineral-based options from Coco Botanicals. Traditional sunscreens contain chemicals that can harm coral reefs and marine life, including monk seal habitats.
  • Take trash with you and avoid leaving food scraps on beaches, which can attract predators like dogs or lead seals to dangerous human interactions.
  • Observe from a distance — remember, human intrusion can disrupt seal behavior and pups especially are vulnerable during their early months.

Respecting Marine Life During Your Visit

A trip to Hawaii is more than just a tropical vacation — it’s a chance to experience a unique and fragile ecosystem. When you encounter a Hawaiian monk seal, know that you are witnessing something truly special. Encourage your kids and travel companions to act as wildlife stewards by following local guidelines and practicing eco-conscious tourism.

Many tour operators on the Big Island also offer eco-certified experiences that educate guests about local wildlife, including the monk seals. Booking through a certified company helps ensure that your family’s adventure supports conservation efforts and respects the island’s natural heritage.

Keep the Magic of the Hawaiian Monk Seal Alive

Whether you glimpse a monk seal lounging by the surf or just hear stories from rangers and guides, knowing about this incredible creature adds depth to your island journey. The Hawaiian monk seal is more than just a beautiful animal — it’s a symbol of the interconnectedness of land, sea, and community. By educating yourself and teaching your children to honor and protect native wildlife, you’re helping ensure future generations can enjoy the wonder of Hawaii’s natural world.